| Internet-Draft | BIER-TE Path | December 2023 |
| Chen, et al. | Expires 3 July 2024 | [Page] |
This document describes extensions to Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for distributing a Bit Index Explicit Replication Traffic/Tree Engineering (BIER-TE) path. A new Tunnel Type for BIER-TE path is defined to encode the information about a BIER-TE path.¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.¶
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[I-D.ietf-bier-te-arch] introduces Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) Tree Engineering (BIER-TE). It is an architecture for per-packet stateless explicit point to multipoint (P2MP) multicast path/tree, which is called BIER-TE path, and based on the BIER architecture defined in [RFC8279].¶
A Bit-Forwarding Router (BFR) in a BIER-TE domain has a BIER-TE Bit Index Forwarding Table (BIFT). A BIER-TE BIFT on a BFR comprises a forwarding entry for a BitPosition (BP) assigned to each of the adjacencies of the BFR. If the BP represents a forward connected adjacency, the forwarding entry for the BP forwards the multicast packet with the BP to the directly connected BFR neighbor of the adjacency. If the BP represents a BFER (i.e., egress node) or say a local decap adjacency, the forwarding entry for the BP decapsulates the multicast packet with the BP and passes a copy of the payload of the packet to the packet's NextProto within the BFR.¶
A Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR) in a BIER-TE domain receives the information or instructions about which multicast flows/packets are mapped to which BIER-TE paths that are represented by BitPositions or say BitStrings. After receiving the information or instructions, the ingress node/router encapsulates the multicast packets with the BitStrings for the corresponding BIER-TE paths, replicates and forwards the packets with the BitStrings along the BIER-TE paths. When the BitStrings is for a regular BIER path, the multicast packet is forwarded along the BIER path.¶
This document proposes some procedures and extensions to BGP for distributing a BIER-TE path to the Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR) of the path. It specifies a way of encoding the information about a BIER-TE path in a BGP UPDATE message, which can be distributed to the BFIR of the path.¶
The following terminologies are used in this document.¶
This section briefs the BGP for BIER-TE path and illustrates some details through a simple example BIER-TE topology.¶
An example BIER-TE domain topology using SDN controller with a BGP to distribute BIER-TE path is shown in Figure 1. There are 8 nodes/BFRs A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H in the domain. Nodes/BFRs A, H, E, F and D are BFIRs (i.e., ingress nodes) or BFERs (i.e., egress nodes). The controller has a BGP session with each of the edge nodes in the domain, including BFIRs (i.e., ingress nodes A, H, E, F and D), and each of the non edge nodes in the domain (i.e., nodes B, C and G). Note that some of connections and the BGP on each edge node are not shown in the figure.¶
+------------------------------------+
| SND controller with BGP |
+------------------------------------+
/ ... \ \
/ \ \
/ 4' \ 17' 18' \
/ /-----------( G )----------( H )
/ / 19'\_______ 12'/4
/ / _______)____/
/ / / (_____
/ /3' / \
/ 1' 2' / 5' 6' /11' 13' 20'\
(CE) --- ( A )--------( B )------------( C )------------( D )
5 \7' \15' 14' 1
\ \
\8' 9' 10' \16'
( E )------------( F )
3 2
Nodes/BFRs D, F, E, H and A are BFERs (or BFIRs) and have local decap adjacency BitPositions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.¶
The BitPositions for the forward connected adjacencies are represented by i', where i is from 1 to 20.¶
This section describes how the SDN controller distributes a BIER-TE path to its ingress node.¶
Suppose that node A in Figure 1 wants to have a BIER-TE path from ingress node A to egress nodes H and F. The path satisfies a set of constraints. The controller obtains the request from an application or user configuration. It finds a BIER-TE path satisfying the constraints and distributes the path to ingress node A.¶
The controller advertises a BGP Update message to all its BGP peers, where the message contains the information about the path, a route target (RT) matching the BGP identifier (ID) of ingress node A. Each of the BGP peers advertises the received Update to its BGP neighbors according to normal BGP propagation rules. Eventually, ingress node A accepts this message after determining the RT in the message matches its BGP ID and installs a forwarding entry for the BIER-TE path, which imports the packets to be transported by the path into the path.¶
This section defines a new Tunnel Type (or say TLV) for BIER-TE path/tunnel under Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute and a new SAFI. This new SAFI and the existing AFI for IPv4/IPv6 pair uses a new NLRI for indicating a BIER-TE Path.¶
A new SAFI, called BIER-TE path SAFI, is defined. Its codepoint (TBD1) is to be assigned by IANA. This new SAFI and the existing AFI for IPv4/IPv6 pair uses a new NLRI, which is defined as follows:¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | NLRI Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Distinguisher (4 octets) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Tunnel Identifier (11/23 octets) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Where:¶
11/23 octet value contains:¶
A new Tunnel Type (or say TLV), called BIER-TE Path or Tunnel, is defined under Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute in [RFC9012]. Its codepoint is to be assigned by IANA. This new TLV with a number of new sub-TLVs encodes the information about a BIER-TE path.¶
The structure encoding the information about a BIER-TE path is shown below.¶
Attributes:
Tunnel Encaps Attribute (23)
Tunnel Type (TBD2): BIER-TE Path
Path BitStrings sub-TLV
Path Name sub-TLV
Traffic Description sub-TLV
¶
Where:¶
The bit positions of a BIER-TE path are encoded in a Path BitStrings sub-TLV. The format of the sub-TLV is illustrated below.¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (TBD3) | Length (variable) | BitStringLen | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BIFT-id-1 | RSV | SI-1 | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BitString-1 ~ | ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ : : : : +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BIFT-id-n | RSV | SI-n | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | BitString-n ~ | ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The name of a BIER-TE path is encoded in a Path Name sub-TLV. The format of the sub-TLV is illustrated below.¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (TBD4) | Length (variable) | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // Path Name String // +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
A Traffic Description Sub-TLV describes the traffic to be imported into a BIER-TE path. Two Traffic Description Sub-TLVs are defined. They are multicast traffic sub-TLVs for IPv4 and IPv6.¶
The multicast traffic sub-TLVs for IPv4 and IPv6 are shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 respectively.¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (TBD5) | Length | Reserved | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Reserved |S|G| Src Mask Len | Grp Mask Len | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Address (up to 4 bytes) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Group Multicast Address (up to 4 bytes) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (TBD6) | Length | RESERVED | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Reserved |S|G| Src Mask Len | Grp Mask Len | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Source Address ~ ~ (up to 16 bytes) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Group multicast Address ~ ~ (up to 16 bytes) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
The address fields and address mask lengths of the two Multicast Traffic sub-TLVs contain source and group prefixes for matching against packets noting that the two address fields are up to 32 bits for an IPv4 Multicast Traffic and up to 128 bits for an IPv6 Multicast Traffic.¶
The Reserved field MUST be set to zero and ignored on receipt.¶
Two bit flags (S and G) are defined to describe the multicast wildcarding in use. If the S bit is set, then source wildcarding is in use and the values in the Source Mask Length and Source Address fields MUST be ignored. If the G bit is set, then group wildcarding is in use and the values in the Group Mask Length and Group multicast Address fields MUST be ignored. The G bit MUST NOT be set unless the S bit is also set: if a Multicast Traffic sub-TLV is received with S bit = 0 and G bit = 1 the receiver MUST respond with an error (Malformed Multicast Traffic).¶
The three multicast mappings may be achieved as follows:¶
Protocol extensions defined in this document do not affect the BGP security other than those as discussed in the Security Considerations section of [RFC9012].¶
The authors of this document would like to thank Tony Przygienda, Susan Hares, and Jeffrey Zhang for their comments.¶
This document requests assigning a new SAFI in the registry "Subsequent Address Family Identifiers (SAFI) Parameters" as follows:¶
+=======================+=========================+=============+ | Code Point | Description | Reference | +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD1(179 suggested) | BIER-TE Policy SAFI |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+¶
This document requests assigning a new Tunnel-Type in the registry "BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute Tunnel Types" as follows:¶
+=======================+=========================+=============+ | Code Point | Description | Reference | +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD2(16 suggested) | BIER-TE Tunnel/Path |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+¶
This document requests assigning a few of new sub-TLVs in the registry "BGP Tunnel Encapsulation Attribute sub-TLVs" as follows:¶
+=======================+=========================+=============+ | Code Point | Description | Reference | +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD3(16 suggested) | Path BitStrings |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD4(17 suggested) | Path Name |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD5(18 suggested) | IPv4 Multicast Traffic |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+ | TBD6(19 suggested) | IPv6 Multicast Traffic |This document| +=======================+=========================+=============+¶
This section defines a new Tunnel Type (or TLV) for BIER-TE path/tunnel under the PMSI_TUNNEL Attribute (PTA) defined in [RFC6514]. It describes a couple of new sub-TLVs encoding the information about a BIER-TE path.¶
The PMSI Tunnel attribute carried by an x-PMSI A-D route identifies P-tunnel for PMSI. For the PTA with Tunnel Type BIER-TE, the PTA is constructed by the SDN controller and distributed to the ingress node of the BIER-TE tunnel.¶
The format of the PMSI_TUNNEL Attribute with the new Tunnel Type (TBD) for BIER-TE is shown in Figure 7.¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Attr Flags | Attr Type(22) | Length(1/2 byte) ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Flag |TunnelType(TBD)| MPLS Label | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MPLS Label | Tunnel Identifier (11/23 bytes) | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ + | ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | sub-TLVs ~ ~ ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
For BIER-TE tunnel/path, the fields in the PTA are set as follows:¶