| Internet-Draft | IS-IS big TLV | March 2024 |
| Chen, et al. | Expires 29 September 2024 | [Page] |
The IS-IS routing protocol uses TLV (Type-Length-Value) encoding in a variety of protocol messages. The original IS-IS TLV definition allows for 255 octets of value in maximum. This document proposes a backward compatible IS-IS extension for encoding the TLV whose value is bigger than 255 octets.¶
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.¶
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Type-Length-Value (TLV) encoding of information is widely used in Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) routing protocol messages including Link State Protocol Data Units (LSPs). Each TLV defined in [ISO10589] allows for maximum of 255 octets of value (or say payload). This is because the length field of the TLV is one octet, which has 255 as its maximum value. When the size of the value of a TLV of type T (such as the Extended IS Reachability TLV of type 22) is bigger than 255 octets, this TLV is called a big TLV of type T (or big TLV for short). There is no general mechanism for encoding and distributing this big TLV in classic IS-IS in a backward compatible way.¶
IS-IS has been optionally extended by [RFC7356] which permits larger TLV value, in principle up to 65,535 octets due to a two-octet length field. However, the [RFC7356] extensions are not widely deployed, are not backward compatible in the sense that they use a new Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and new LSP types that un-extended implementations will ignore, and in any case do not support values so large they do not fit into a single packet which will rarely be larger than 1,500 octets or, even with jumbo frames, around 9,000 octets.¶
This document proposes a simple IS-IS extension for encoding and distributing the big TLVs whose value parts are bigger than can be accommodated by the TLV length field and bigger than can be accommodated in a single packet. This extension uses a "Container TLV".¶
A new TLV, called the Container TLV, is defined. Figure 1 shows the format of the new TLV in the classic [ISO10589] case. This new TLV is used to carry a piece of the value of a big TLV of type T.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -----------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ | | Type (T) | Resv | | Container TLV +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Value of of type TBD | Piece of value of big TLV of | Container TLV | ~ type T (less than 254 octets) ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ -----------+
Type (TBD) field: The type of the Container TLV, its value is assigned by IANA.¶
Length field: The length of the Value field of the Container TLV.¶
Value field: contains a Type (T) field, a Resv field, and a Piece of value of big TLV of type T (Piece field for short).¶
Type (T) field: A one octet field giving the Type of the Big TLV that is being transported in this Container TLV.¶
Piece field: A piece of the value of the big TLV of type T that is being transported in this Container TLV.¶
Resv field: One octet that MUST be sent as zero and ignored on receipt.¶
When a node has a big TLV of type T to be originated, it splits the value of the big TLV into a number of pieces, from Piece 0, Piece 1 to Piece n. The first piece (i.e., Piece 0) is less than 256 octets. Each of the rest pieces from Piece 1 to Piece n is less than 254 octets. This is illustrated in Figure 2.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (T) | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ | Piece 0 (less than 256 octets)| | ~ ~ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Piece 1 (less than 254 octets)| | ~ ~ Bigger than +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 255 octets ~ : ~ | ~ . ~ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Piece n (less than 254 octets)| | ~ ~ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+
Each piece carries a subset of entries in the big TLV. An entry is an existing sub-TLV or structure.¶
The node originates n+1 TLVs for the big TLV of type T. These TLVs are the TLV of type T with a normal payload (i.e., the payload less than 256 octets), and n new TLVs of type TBD each of which has a normal payload. The node advertises each of these TLVs to its neighbors according to the normal IS-IS procedure. Figure 3 shows the encoding of the big TLV with type T in Figure 2.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ | Type (T) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ normal TLV | Piece 0 (less than 256 octets)| of type T ~ ~ | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ ----------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ | | Type (T) | Resv | | Container TLV 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ value of of type TBD | Piece 1 (less than 254 octets)| Container TLV | ~ ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ ----------+ ~ : ~ ~ . ~ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ ----------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ | | Type (T) | Resv | | Container TLV n +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ value of of type TBD | Piece n (less than 254 octets)| Container TLV | ~ ~ | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ --+ ----------+
The normal TLV of type T contains Piece 0 (i.e., the first piece) of the value of the big TLV. For each of the rest n pieces of the value of the big TLV, a Container TLV of type TBD carries the piece. Container TLV 1 contains Piece 1 of the value of the big TLV; Container TLV 2 contains Piece 2 of the value of the big TLV; ...; Container TLV n contains Piece n of the value of the big TLV.¶
If a node supports the extension (i.e., Container TLV), the node understands each piece of the value of the big TLV received. The value field in the normal TLV of type T contains Piece 0 of the big TLV value. Each of the n Container TLVs having Type (T) contains a piece of the big TLV value in its Piece field.¶
This section discusses a couple of ways in which a big TLV is split into pieces at originating/sending and the pieces are glued at receiving.¶
When a TLV of type T is too big at an originating node, this big TLV is split into a sequence of pieces. Each piece carries a subset of entries in the big TLV. An entry is an existing Sub-TLV or structure.¶
The node originates a native TLV of type T containing the first piece in the sequence. In addition, it originates container TLVs with type T containing the other pieces directly if there is only one big TLV of type T.¶
When there are multiple (big) TLVs of type T, the node originates multiple native TLVs of type T. For each (big) TLV of type T split into a sequence of pieces, a native TLV of type T containing the first piece in the sequence is originated. The container TLVs with type T containing directly the other pieces are also originated. These container TLVs MUST follow the native TLV in order and between the native TLV and these container TLVs there MUST NOT be any other TLV of type T or any other container TLVs with type T.¶
For example, suppose that a node has a big TLV of type T = 22 as shown in Figure 4. This TLV is too big and split into two pieces piece 0 and piece 1 at boundary between Sub-TLV K and K+1.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (T=22) | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+-----------+ |system ID for neighbor 10.2.2.2| | | + (6 octets) + | | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | Metric (continue) | Piece 0 | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ < 256 octets | | |sub-TLVs-length| | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Bigger than | sub-TLV 1 | | 255 octets : : : | | : sub-TLV K : | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ | | sub-TLV K+1 | | | : : : Piece 1 | : sub-TLV N : | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+-----------+
For this big TLV of type T = 22, the node originates a native TLV of type T = 22 containing the first piece (i.e., piece 0) and a container TLV with type T = 22 containing the other piece (i.e., piece 1) directly. This native TLV and container TLV is illustrated in Figure 5.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ | Type (T=22) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | |system ID for neighbor 10.2.2.2| | + (6 octets) + | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | Metric (continue) | Native TLV + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ of type T=22 | |sub-TLVs-length| | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | sub-TLV 1 | | : : : | : sub-TLV K : | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -----------------------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----------+ Container TLV | Type (T=22) | Resv | | of type TBD +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ value of | | sub-TLV K+1 | | Container TLV | : : : Piece 1 | | : sub-TLV N : | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+-----+------------+
After receiving the native TLV of type T = 22, followed the container TLV, another node glues the piece 0 and piece 1 directly.¶
Alternatively, when a node has multiple (big) TLVs of type T, for each (big) TLV of type T split into a sequence of pieces, the node originates a native TLV of type T containing the first piece in the sequence and container TLVs with type T containing the other pieces; where each container TLV also contains a key or header of value in the native TLV (or big TLV). There is no order requirement between the native TLV and the container TLVs.¶
For example, Figure 6 shows the container TLV containing neighbor ID (i.e., system ID for neighbor) of the value field in the big TLV as the key and piece 1.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -----------------------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----------+ Container TLV | Type (T=22) | Resv | | of type TBD +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ | | |system ID for neighbor 10.2.2.2| | | | + (6 octets) + Key | | | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ value of | | sub-TLV K+1 | | Container TLV | : : : Piece 1 | | : sub-TLV N : | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+-----+------------+
After receiving the native TLV of type T = 22, and the container TLV with type T = 22, another node glues the piece 0 and piece 1 through the same neighbor ID in the TLVs as the key.¶
Figure 7 shows the container TLV containing the header of the value field in the big TLV and piece 1.¶
0 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ -----------------------+ | Type (TBD) | Length | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----------+ Container TLV | Type (T=22) | Resv | | of type TBD +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ | | |system ID for neighbor 10.2.2.2| | | | + (6 octets) + | | | | | | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Header | | | Metric (continue) | | | | + +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | | | |sub-TLVs-length| | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+ value of | | sub-TLV K+1 | | Container TLV | : : : Piece 1 | | : sub-TLV N : | | | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ ----+-----+------------+
After receiving the native TLV of type T = 22, and the container TLV with type T = 22, another node glues the piece 0 and piece 1 through the same header (except for sub-TLVs-length) in the TLVs as the key.¶
A new sub-TLV, called Big TLV Capability sub-TLV, is defined in the Router Capability TLV [RFC7981]. A node advertising this sub-TLV indicates that the node supports the Big TLV. The format of the sub-TLV is shown in Figure 8.¶
0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type (TBDa) | Length (1) | Flags | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Type (TBDa) field: The type of the Big TLV Capability sub-TLV, its value is assigned by IANA.¶
Length field: Its value is 1.¶
Flags field: A one octet field of flags. No flag is defined now.¶
A node supporting the Big TLV MUST advertise this sub-TLV in a Router Capability TLV.¶
For a network using IS-IS, users can deploy the extension for big TLV in a part of the network step by step. The network has some nodes supporting the extension (or say new nodes for short) and the other nodes not supporting the extension (or say old nodes for short) before the extension is deployed in the entire network.¶
The first piece of a big TLV, advertised in the native TLV, is backward compatible and will be understood by both old and new nodes. The subsequent pieces of the big TLV, advertised in the Container TLVs, will only be understood by the new nodes and will be ignored by the old nodes.¶
The originator of the big TLV MUST consider the above properties when splitting the big TLV into multiple pieces.¶
If the size of the existing Sub-TLVs in a TLV is bigger than 255, for a piece of new information in existing Sub-TLVs, when adding this new information into a TLV makes the TLV bigger than 255, this new information in existing Sub-TLVs can be put into a container TLV. If all the nodes need to have the same new information for using the new information, every node needs to check if all the nodes support the big TLV capability which is distributed by the nodes supporting it. If all the nodes support it, every node uses the new information. If it is not required that all the nodes must have the same new information for using the new information, the nodes supporting the big TLV capability can use the new information, the nodes not supporting the big TLV capability ignore the new information.¶
The mechanism described in this document does not raise any new security issues for the IS-IS protocols.¶
IANA is requested to make a new allocation in the "IS-IS TLV Codepoint Registry" under the registry name "IS-IS TLV Codepoints" as follows:¶
+=========+==========+=====+=====+=====+======+==============+ | Type | Name | IIH | LSP | SNP |Purge | reference | +=========+==========+=====+=====+=====+======+==============+ | TBD | Container| Y | Y | N | N |This document | +---------+----------+-----+-----+-----+------+--------------+¶
IANA is requested to make a new allocation under the registry name "IS-IS Sub-TLVs for IS-IS Router CAPABILITY TLV" as follows:¶
+======+==================+===+=====+===+=====+==============+ |Value | Description |IIH| LSP |SNP|Purge| reference | +======+==================+===+=====+===+=====+==============+ | TBDa |Big TLV Capability| N | Y | N | N |This document | +------+------------------+---+-----+---+-----+--------------+¶
The authors would like to thank Chris Hopps for the comments to this work.¶